How has Earth's global temperature varied over history?

Earth's global temperature has experienced significant variations throughout its geological history, characterized by both rapid changes and extended periods of relative stability. This variability is influenced by a range of factors, including volcanic activity, changes in solar radiation, ocean currents, and greenhouse gas concentrations.

Throughout the Earth's history, there have been instances of rapid climate change, such as during the end of the last Ice Age or the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, where temperatures rose dramatically over relatively short geological timescales. In addition, there have also been lengthy periods, like the Quaternary glaciation, where the climate was more stable and characterized by slower changes in temperature.

Recognizing this duality in temperature changes—marked by both rapid fluctuations and prolonged stability—provides a comprehensive view of the Earth's climatic history. This understanding is pivotal for studying contemporary climate change within the context of natural historical patterns.