What technology is commonly implemented for carbon capture and storage (CCS)?

The technology commonly implemented for carbon capture and storage (CCS) involves the storage of CO2 emissions underground. This process captures carbon dioxide produced from industrial processes and power generation before it enters the atmosphere, then transports it to a storage site where it is injected into geological formations deep underground. These formations, often former oil or gas reservoirs, are sealed by layers of impermeable rock that prevent the gas from leaking back to the surface, ensuring that it remains stored for an extended period of time.

CCS plays a critical role in mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from sectors that are challenging to decarbonize. The ability to store CO2 underground effectively allows industries to continue operating while reducing their carbon footprint significantly.

The other technologies mentioned, such as hydraulic fracturing, solar panels, and wind turbines, serve different purposes in the energy landscape. Hydraulic fracturing is primarily used for extracting oil and natural gas; solar panels and wind turbines are renewable energy technologies for generating electricity with minimal emissions, but they do not specifically address the challenge of capturing and storing carbon dioxide emissions.