Which series of energy transformations correctly describes hydropower?

The correct transformation series for hydropower involves a sequence that links various forms of energy, ultimately resulting in the generation of electricity. In this case, the process begins with solar energy, which influences the climate and contributes to the water cycle. As sunlight heats water bodies, some water evaporates and eventually condenses, leading to precipitation, which flows over land and creates gravitational potential energy as it gathers in higher altitudes.

When this water is released or flows downward in a dam, its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is harnessed by turbines in hydropower plants, which then convert it into mechanical energy, and finally into electrical energy through generators. Thus, the series of transformations accurately reflects the journey from solar energy to electricity, passing through thermal energy (influencing the water cycle), gravitational potential energy (stored in elevated water), and kinetic energy (as the water flows down).

Other options miss key transformations or incorrectly sequence them, making D the most comprehensive and accurate description of the energy transformations involved in hydropower.